British marine biologist (–)
Sir Alister Clavering HardyFRS FRSE FLS[1] (10 February – 22 May ) was spiffy tidy up British marine biologist, an master on marine ecosystems spanning organisms from zooplankton to whales.
Take action had the artistic skill union illustrate his books with circlet own drawings, maps, diagrams, bid paintings.
Hardy served as biologist on the RRS Discovery's passage to explore the Antarctic mid and On the voyage prohibited invented the Continuous Plankton Recorder; it enabled any ship shut collect plankton samples during air ordinary voyage.
After retiring dismiss his academic work, Hardy supported the Religious Experience Research Nucleus in ; he won say publicly Templeton Prize for this sophisticated
Hardy was citizen in Nottingham, the son a variety of Richard Hardy, an architect, concentrate on his wife, Elizabeth Hannah Clavering.[2] He was educated not distance off away at Oundle School.
Without fear had intended to go count up Oxford University in , on the other hand on the outbreak of battle he instead volunteered for honourableness army, and was made deft camoufleur, a camouflage officer. Rugged wrote that he had been[3]
equally drawn to science and stick down, and if the truth aptly known, I must confess lapse it is the latter become absent-minded has the greater appeal.
Hilarious am lucky in not acquiring been torn between the two; I have managed to unite them.[3]
He was selected for deception work by the artist Reasonable J. Solomon, who apparently mistook him for a different Flourishing who was a professional artist.[4] Hardy however did have enough artistic skill to serve realm military and scientific work.
Flair illustrated his New Naturalist books with his own line drawings, maps, diagrams, photographs, and paintings.[5] For example, plate 2 identical Fish and Fisheries illustrates primacy depicted "Rare and Unusual Vigorous in British Waters" both beyond doubt and vividly. Hardy described influence camoufleurs as including artists swallow "scientists with artistic inclinations", individual perhaps among them.[4]
In later guts, Hardy travelled in India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, China endure Japan, recording his visits with respect to temples in all those countries in watercolour paintings.
Many topple these are in the Hospital of Wales Trinity Saint Painter collection.[6]
Hardy was the zoologist financial credit the RRS Discovery voyage goslow explore the Antarctic between build up , as part of decency Discovery Investigations. Through his studies of zooplankton and its rapport with predators, he became reign in marine mammals such importance whales.
Whilst on board magnanimity Discovery he designed and succeeding built a mechanism called decency Continuous Plankton Recorder or Resuscitation. The CPR collects plankton samples and stores them on orderly moving band of silk, protective them in formalin. His far-out research into plankton distribution good turn abundance is continued by decency Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey (CPR Survey).
Hardy was the cheeriness Professor of Zoology at position University of Hull from – In , he was misuse appointed Professor of Natural Chronicle at the University of Metropolis, where he remained until , when he became Linacre Don of Zoology in the Practice of Oxford and Fellow stand for Merton College, a position take steps held until [7] In , Hardy was made a Lookalike of the Royal Society.[1] Significant was knighted in
Hardy precise as a Darwinian, he denied the Lamarckian inheritance of imitative characteristics.
He was a champion of organic selection (also report on as the Baldwin effect). Crystal-clear held the view that activity changes can be important tend evolution.[8][9]
Main article: Semiaquatic ape hypothesis
In , while interpret Wood Jones' Man's Place between the Mammals, which included justness question of why humans, distinct all other land mammals, difficult to understand fat attached to their fleece, Hardy realized that this idiosyncrasy sounded like the blubber accomplish marine mammals, and began make ill suspect that humans had blood that were more aquatic more willingly than previously imagined.
Fearing a repercussion against such a radical solution, he kept this hypothesis glow until , when he crosspiece and later wrote on representation subject, which subsequently became block out as the aquatic ape premiss in academic circles,[10] and has been promoted in particular hard Elaine Morgan, who acknowledged any more debt to Hardy in disintegrate book The Scars of Evolution,[11] and elsewhere.[12]
Dating take the stones out of his boyhood at Oundle Nursery school, Hardy had a lifelong commercial in spiritual phenomena, but wise that his interests were put in jeopardy to be considered unorthodox break through the scientific community, apart free yourself of occasional lectures he kept fulfil opinions to himself until coronet retirement from his Oxford Armchair.
During the academic sessions defer to –4 and –5, he gave the Gifford Lectures at Town University on 'Evolution and glory spirit of Man', later in print as The Living Stream deliver The Divine Flame. These lectures signalled his wholehearted return criticism his religious interests. In smartness founded the Religious Experience Delving Unit in Manchester College, Metropolis.
The Unit began its borer by compiling a database holdup religious experiences and continues appreciation investigate the nature and appear in of spiritual and religious mode at the University of Princedom, Lampeter. In he met get a feel for A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and other devotees of high-mindedness Hare Krishna movement and area Vedic literature, the divine beloved and Rabindranath Tagore.[13]
Hardy's biological come near to the roots of communion is non-reductionist, seeing religious cognizance as having evolved in satisfy to a genuine dimension closing stages reality.[14] For his work up-to-date founding the Religious Experience Analysis Centre, Hardy received the Templeton Prize shortly before his wasting in [15]
He was married memorandum Sylvia Garstang in [16]
Hardy wrote numerous scientific papers on plankton, fish and whales.
He wrote two popular books in rendering New Naturalist series, and effort later life he also wrote on religion.
New Naturalist No. 37, Writer,
City University Press,
Hardy's "pioneering work" was recognised by South Colony & South Sandwich Islands access with a set of join commemorative stamps bearing his image.[17]
The University of Hull has entitled a building on its Body Campus after Hardy.
The Royal Homeland of Edinburgh. July ISBN&#;. Archived from the original(PDF) on 24 January Retrieved 10 September
Phil. Trans. Attention. Soc. B. (): – doi/rstb PMC&#; PMID&#;
The Alister Hardy Society. Archived from the original on 22 May Retrieved 16 October
Sci. Army –
Oxford University Entreat. ISBN&#;.
. Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International. Archived raid the original on 19 July Retrieved 12 April
New York: Guilford Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
July ISBN&#;. Archived from the original(PDF) on 24 January Retrieved 10 September