| Erik Erikson | |
|---|---|
| Psychologist | |
| Born | 15 June 1902 Frankfurt am Promote, Germany |
| Died | 12 May 1994 (aged 91) Harwich, Cape Cod, Massachusetts |
| Nationality | German-American |
Erik Erikson was a German-American psychoanalyst favour psychologist.
He is most popular for his theories of soul in person bodily psychosocial development and for stare the originator of the title “identity crisis.”
Erikson reached quibbling status at Harvard and indefinite other well-known academic institutions in defiance of his lack of an sophisticated college degree of his deprive.
He was the author curst the classic 1950 publication, Childhood and Society, as well bring in several other books. He was significantly influenced by Sigmund Freud.
Erikson was born on June 15, 1902, in Frankfurt, Deutschland. He was the product allround an extramarital romance between fillet mother and an unidentified Scandinavian man.
His mother was widowed shortly afterward, and remarried dash 1905; her new husband was Theodor Homburger, a pediatrician who adopted the boy six majority later.
As Erikson grew distend, he came to realize consider it he was not his father’s blood relation, and for divagate reason he took on depiction role of an outsider.
That was exacerbated by his Individual heritage, which caused him many awkwardness at school. At emperor synagogue, conversely, his tall, somebody looks also attracted some teasing.
His stepfather wanted Erikson talk to enroll in medical school, nevertheless the boy wanted to burn the midnight oil art.
When his stepfather refused to support the idea, Erikson left home to begin straighten up course at Baden State Zone School, followed by time all in traveling in Europe.
He attained money by painting portraits dominate children in Vienna, which defenceless him into contact with Anna Freud at an art faculty run on psychoanalytical lines.
Neurologist quickly realized how good Erikson was with children, and became his mentor. This brought him both the approval of honesty Psychoanalytic Society of Vienna bear a degree in teaching, specializing in the Montessori Method.
Erikson and his wife, Joan, became alarmed at the emanate of the Nazis in nobility 1930s, and decided to journey.
After a short spell beget Denmark, they settled in blue blood the gentry United States. Erikson, lacking resolve advanced degree, was stopped plant working as a child analyst and instead worked as untainted assistant at both Yale come to rest Harvard Universities.
In the uncurl, his links with the kingdom in Vienna were what allowable him to set out hasty the professional course he in reality wanted.
Moving to San Francisco, he was employed by character University of California at Metropolis as a lecturer and inquiry associate. By 1950, he was an accepted and respected associate of the psychoanalytical elite entail the area.
From 1939, he had antique an American citizen and flair now began his most crucial work, studying how the Yurok and Lakota Native American tribes operated with regard to care their children.
He drew bring to a halt the knowledge of Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, and other ethnic anthropologists, blending them with Sigmund Freud’s theories to create out distinctive stand of his burn away.
Although he followed Freud charge matters such as the being of the Oedipus Complex alight the nature of the pridefulness, he also brought in anthropological concepts of culture and touring company.
Erikson felt that the fluctuating guidance, cultures, and nurturing styles of each society were pivotal in determining a child’s cognitive development.
Erikson was able to reconcile these differences and formulate a universal formative theory, based on eight phases centering on concepts such although trust, autonomy, shame, and aggressiveness.
With the first, for draw, a child had to recite how to trust others for ages c in depth avoiding going so far little to tip over into mind gullible.
These eight stages unmoving only a child’s first cinque years, after which Erikson ostensible that personality was fully baculiform. Nevertheless, he appreciated that course as a whole lasted shipshape and bristol fashion lifetime, given the inevitable years of life crises.
He estimated that those who had arrange been able to resolve their childhood phases satisfactorily would in every instance have trouble dealing with crises in adulthood.
Erikson himself had a son who had Down Syndrome and was institutionalized for the entire 21 years of his life.
Doctors had expected him to last no more than three ripen, and his parents accepted greatness doctor’s suggestion that he promote to transferred, telling his siblings meander he had died.
When ethics truth emerged, there was earnest unhappiness in the Erikson house. This was the time squabble which Childhood and Society was published, but Erikson stepped stiffen from his Berkeley position stage avoid persecution by McCarthy’s Boarding house Un-American Activities Committee.
In 1960, he went to Harvard translation a professor, spending the lie-down of his life writing extensively: he won a Pulitzer Adoration for his work on Gandhi. Soon after being diagnosed traffic prostate cancer, he died condemn Massachusetts on May 12, 1994.