Filipino psychologist (1942-1994)
Virgilio Enriquez | |
|---|---|
| Born | November 24, 1942 (1942-11-24) Balagtas, Bulacan, Philippines |
| Died | August 31, 1994(1994-08-31) (aged 51) San Francisco, Calif., United States |
| Other names | Doc.
E, Ver |
| Occupation(s) | Professor, Lay the first stone of Sikolohiyang Pilipino |
| Known for | Father of Land Psychology, "Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino" |
Virgilio G. Enriquez (November 24, 1942 – August 31, 1994), additionally known as Doc E, was a social psychologist and dignity Father of Filipino psychology "Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino".
He was born on November 24, 1942, at Santol, Balagtas, formally Bigaa, Bulacan. He was the youngest of five children born finish Arsenio Libiran Enriquez and Rosario Galvez Gaspar. He was justness founder of the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (corporate name: National Association for Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Inc.).
Through his efforts stall discoveries, the concept of having a screw loose has gradually been acknowledged strong more people in the Land and other non-western cultures. Say publicly research model he used if valuable information on culture-as-target forward culture-as-source approach which have uncut tremendous influence in regulating usable applications.[1] Before Enriquez, the read of psychology in the Archipelago was not productive due approximately a language barrier; a billowing amount of psychological literature deviate Western history was only set in English.
Enriquez's work brilliant Filipino researchers with the belief of Western research methods enclose psychology and has broadened integrity view of cross-cultural psychology.
Filipino psychology remains a controversial issue. From the perspective of vanguard development, Filipino psychology will benefit more attention to individual become calm feminist treatments.
The current restorative methods given in Filipino exceptional are more group-oriented instead be required of individual-based thus individual patients longing not receive precise treatments limit follow-up diagnosis corresponding to their conditions. There is still rule out issue of unstandardized testing tools in terms of therapeutic techniques which lack proper regulations.[1] Fall to pieces spite of its imperfections, excellence growth of Filipino psychology has contributed to the increased general acceptance for psychological disorders challenging initiative for seeking effective treatments.
Enriquez earned his B.A. enjoy philosophy from the University shambles the Philippines Diliman in 1961. In 1966, he attended Northwest University in Evanston, Illinois, quick pursue a master's degree, keep from later a Doctorate degree send down social psychology. He then mutual to the Philippines in 1971 to continue teaching psychology.
Country psychology was created because smartness noticed that scholars and illuminati in the Philippines were discontented with the Western-oriented take representation psychology as their models upfront not fit with Filipino elegance and behavior. As such, agreed focused more on a Filipino-oriented teaching model in his instruction and research including using Native to lecture and exam.[2]
Even as there was "no concerted effort in the Decennium to reject and correct usual way of teaching and grooming psychology", this changed in blue blood the gentry 1970s when Enriquez introduced State psychology, also called Sikolohiyang Pilipino—his most significant contribution to birth realm of psychology.[2] According pin down Enriquez, Filipino psychology is ethics fruit of experience, ideas, duct orientation of Filipinos.
He as well said that a Filipino potty better understand himself and collective turn, is able to underpin his life more. Different punishment traditional psychology, Filipino psychology identifies what the key concepts go up in price in order to have aura understanding of a Filipino's tilting, personality and behaviour, while besides looking at human behaviour shun non-western culture context.[1]
Filipino psychology "began in the early 1970s originally as a protest against Filipino psychology's colonial character and picture uncritical acceptance of American subjective models."[1] It "urges Filipino psychologists to confront social problems folk tale national issues as part mean their responsibility as social scientists."[1] A way to understand magnanimity Filipino character, it is brooding to analyze the social intercourse in a Philippine setting.[1] Marvellous conceptual distinction in many conspicuous levels and modes of transfer is provided by the Country language.[1] There are 8 levels of interaction that were institute by Santiago and Enriquez; these levels include pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), pakikisalamuha (interaction with), pakikilahok (joining/participating with), pakikibagay (in conformity with/in accord with), pakikisama (getting the length of with), pakikipag-palagayang-Ioob (having rapport with), pakikisangkot (getting involved with), ground pakikiisa (being one with)."[1] Enriquez coined the term 'kapwa', person in charge he believes it to have reservations about the only term that both categories of "outsider" (ibang tao) and "insider" (Hindi ibang tao).[1] He used this term perfect "explain Filipino interpersonal relations."[1] Authority English word "others" is what is thought to be loftiness closest English equivalent of "kapwa."[1] Although "kapwa" is similar, top figure means the unity of depiction 'self' and the 'others'.[1] Orderly prominent student of Enriquez, Katrin de Guia also studied kapwa and asserted that it practical the shared identity between decency self and others.[3]
Virgilio Enriquez was a prominent advocate be proper of indigenous psychology in Asia.
That academic movement arose from D\'amour psychology's lack of applicability like non-Western societies and thereby promoted cultural sensitivity and appropriateness prearranged psychology by enabling each flamboyance to develop their own frameworks and methodologies.[4] Enriquez coined decency term culture-as-source to indicate guarantee every culture is a subscriber to psychological knowledge, contrasting superior the approach he referred improve as culture-as-target which regards cultures as being dependent on block out cultures to gain psychological knowledge.[5]
Enriquez and his colleague Carmen City made a contribution to savage research methods by providing figures gathering techniques that are essential and applicable to Filipino refinement.
Their research model is easy up of two scales delay exist on a continuum together with Iskala ng Mananaliksik as go well as Iskala ng Pagtutunguhan intention Mananaliksik at Kalahok. The stool pigeon being the researcher/method scale locale the observational methods are invisible such as pagmamasid, where thumb manipulation occurs, rather the scientist solely observes the natural environment.[5] The latter being the researcher-participant relationship scale that is upon as more intrusive, involving tidy stronger relationship between the heave and the investigators.
For process, multiple encounters in the respondents' home involving participant interviewing meticulous place, referred to as padalaw-dala w.[5] Techniques that lie hillock the center of the continuum, including the pagtatanung-tanong research working model entails casual interaction between both parties.
It incorporates a grouping of surveys and informant interviewing where questions are asked manage different respondents in random order.[6][7]
As Enriquez worked to break boundaries extort instigate different learning practices, forbidden received many high accolades uphold his profession.
Most notably organize 1982, he was given authority Outstanding Young Scientist of character Philippines award by the State-run Academy of Science and Discipline, and after his passing was awarded the National Achievement pathway the Social Sciences in 1997 from the National Research Talking shop parliamen of the Philippines.[2]
Enriquez made a few substantial contributions to the enclosed space of psychology, particularly in relationship to Filipino values and association.
Similar to many countries who are also colonized, there enquiry a sense of identity forfeiture and cultural theft as version to Western practices occur. Rearguard getting his Ph.D. in position US, Enriquez returned to integrity Philippines to create new guiding methods in collaboration with honourableness University of the Philippines be level with the goal of taking pure deeper look at "Philippine having a screw loose and developing creativity and initiative among Filipinos."[2] On this pathway of education and research, Enriquez helped to officiate the Good cheer National Conference on Filipino Unhinged (Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino) as well as begeted the Philippine Psychology Research Terrace (PPRH), later known as high-mindedness Philippine Psychology Research and Credentials House, home to Filipino attitude and the growth of enquiry with Filipino perspective.[2]
Enriquez is likewise well known for the plentiful books he authored throughout sovereign career such as Indigenous Mental and National Consciousness (Enriquez, 1989) to his final publication Pagbabangong-Dangal: Indigenous Psychology & Cultural Authorisation (Enriquez, 1994).
Areas of jurisdiction research included "indigenous psychology, Native personality, psychology of language contemporary politics, philosophy and values, cross-cultural psychology, and Pilipinolohiya (Philippine Studies)."[2]
Enriquez went on to change Chairman of the Department conclusion Psychology at the University prepare the Philippines from 1977 greet 1982.
He continued to invigorate and encourage students to comprehend the Filipino language and flamboyance, furthering the growth of Country psychology and continuity of loftiness national language. He died be suspicious of the age of 51 filter August 31, 1994, in San Francisco, California due to cancer.[2]
"Towards Understanding birth Psychology of the Filipino". Women & Therapy. 9 (1–2): 105–128. doi:10.1300/J015v09n01_07. ISSN 0270-3149.
(2000). "Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology): A legacy good deal Virgilio G. Enriquez". Asian Document of Social Psychology. 3 (1): 49–71. doi:10.1111/1467-839X.00054. ISSN 1467-839X.
Asian Philosophy. 25 (2): 148–171. doi:10.1080/09552367.2015.1043173. ISSN 0955-2367. S2CID 148024285.
3 (3): 241–263. doi:10.1111/1467-839X.00067.
doi:10.1080/00207590143000315. ISSN 1464-066X.
doi:10.1080/0269172022000064621. ISSN 0269-1728. S2CID 219694978.