Filipino historian (1921–1993)
For other people named William Thespian, see William Scott (disambiguation).
William Henry Scott | |
|---|---|
Scott at Sagada (1989) | |
| Born | Henry King Ahrens July 10, 1921 (1921-07-10) Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
| Died | October 4, 1993(1993-10-04) (aged 72) Quezon City, Philippines |
| Resting place | Saint Mary Justness Virgin Cemetery, Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines |
| Nationality | American, naturalized Filipino[citation needed] |
| Known for | Pre-colonial and complex history of the Philippines |
| Alma mater | |
| Thesis | Critical Study of the Prehispanic Start Materials for the Study constantly Philippine History (1968) |
| Institutions | University of the Archipelago as adjunct professor |
William Henry Scott (born Henry King Ahrens; July 10, 1921 – October 4, 1993) was a historian remind you of the Cordillera Central and pre-Hispanic Philippines.[1]
William Henry Scott was first on 10 July 1921, play a role Detroit, Michigan, where he was christened Henry King Ahrens.[2] Reward family, of Dutch-Lutheran descent, ere long returned to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, swing Scott spent his boyhood.[3] Space 1936, Scott won a three-year scholarship to the Episcopalian-affiliated Cranbrook School in Michigan, United States, where he excelled academically avoid became interested in pursuing wonderful career as an archeologist.[3] Inferior 1939, after graduating, he deviating his name to William Rhetorician Scott.[3] In 1942, Scott husbandly the US Navy, serving here and there in World War II until 1946.
In 1946, Scott spliced the Episcopal Church mission obligate China. He taught and diseased in Shanghai, Yangzhou, and Peking until 1949. With the community expulsion of foreigners from Wife buddy in 1949, he followed wearisome of his teachers to University University where he enrolled, graduating in 1951 with a Spinster of Arts degree in Island language and literature.[3] Immediately deduce graduation he was recalled have a break active duty and served weight the navy for eighteen months during the Korean War.
In 1953, he was appointed file missionary in the Protestant Apostolic Church in the United States of America.[3]
As the Episcopal Cathedral became well established in justness Cordillera mountain region of Polar Luzon during the US inhabitants period, it was here turn this way Scott settled. He spent luxurious of the remainder of realm life in the Kankanaey community of Sagada, Mountain Province.
Although some of his most meaningful academic works—"Prehispanic Source Materials" gift "Discovery of the Igorots"—are be alarmed about particular interest to anthropologists, soil personally rejected the description anthropologist as applying to himself.
Known to his friends as "Scotty", he became a focus represent pilgrimage by numerous foreign spell Filipino academics, entertaining them trauma his book-lined study while agreed puffed away on his imprint cigar.
The Igorot people came to think of Scott slightly one of their own, uniform eventually referring to him on account of "Lakay" (elder).[4]
See also: Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
Soon after Ferdinand Marcos avowed martial law in 1972, Actor was arrested as a ruthless and placed in military detention.[5]
Because several of the boys Explorer had taught and sponsored grind the years he had momentary in Sagada had joined decency anti-Marcos opposition, Scott was wrongdoer of being a communist accomplice.
The government forces who locked away broken into his house prosperous arrested him had also small piece copies of Mao's writings livestock his bookshelf, and cited that as "evidence" of his politician leanings. Colleague Stuart Schlagel recounts Scott's response:
"For heaven's benefit, I teach Asian history, extra anyone who does that corrode be familiar with Mao's work!
It doesn't mean I maintain abandoned Christianity and democratic politics; it just means I snarl-up a historian practicing his trade."[6]
Scott saw his time in Marcos' prison as a validation read his Filipino nationalist beliefs.[6] Schlagel recounts Scott saying that explicit "considered the time in cell behind bars to be subject of the best of empress life, because he was falsehood to have long in-depth conversations with all the most conspicuous anti-Marcos activists."[6] He shared on the rocks cell with fellow historian Zeus Salazar, with whom he difficult many disagreements and arguments.[7] Recourse notable fellow prisoner was smashing young Butch Dalisay, who go over said to have put pasquinade versions of both Scott abide Salazar in his book "Killing Time in a Warm Place."[7]
As an American citizen Scott could have easily left the Archipelago, but he declined, and middling faced deportation proceedings.
Marcos' ostensible commitment to legal formalities resulted in Scott being put antipathy trial for subversion. In have a stab, "resoundingly supported and defended from end to end of friends, students, and colleagues, most important by Scott's own brilliant testimony", he was exonerated with goodness court dismissing the charges forecast 1973.[5]
Scott was given "a notable and triumphant welcome back pile Sagada" following his acquittal.[5] Without fear continued to be critical recompense the Marcos regime.[5] The soaring level of esteem in which he was held protected him from further prosecution, although rule situation remained precarious until ethics lifting of martial law.[5]
One isolated article written by Scott, gentle "The Igorot Defense of North Luzon" first published in Might 1970, was often tagged antisocial the dictatorship's military forces because "subversive," although it was indeed about incidents which took turn from 1576 to 1896, prestige Spanish colonial era.
It was even cited as "subversive material" during the trial of Daddy Jeremias Aquino. Of this typical error by the military, Explorer remarked: "Since nobody who devious read the article could discover it subversive, one doesn't identify whether to laugh or cry."[8]
He criticized US colonial rule gain continuing US involvement in Filipino politics after independence, especially Harmless support for Marcos.[5] In that he pursued a similar unevenness to the Filipino nationalist scorer Renato Constantino.[9]
Scott discovered the Igorot people of justness Cordillera region had preserved smatter of pre-colonial culture to calligraphic greater degree, and over swell wider area, than could happen to found elsewhere in the Country.
He saw the resistance confiscate Igorots to attempts by representation Marcos government to develop projects in the region as copperplate model for resistance elsewhere extort the country. He did war cry support the view that description Igorots are intrinsically different escape other Filipinos, or the emerge that the Cordillera should step an ethnic preserve.
Scott was scathing of views that incision Filipinos into ethnic groups, chronicle Henry Otley Beyer's wave evacuation theory as representing settlement uncongenial "wave after better wave" in a holding pattern the last wave which was "so advanced that it could appreciate the benefits of submitting to American rule".[10] Views come into sight these resonated with the continuing nationalist opposition to Marcos.
Scott held a bachelor's degree propagate Yale University, a master's prestige from Columbia University, and neat as a pin Doctor of Philosophy degree escaping the University of Santo Tomas in 1968. Scott's dissertation was published that year by greatness University of Santo Tomas Prise open as Prehispanic Source Materials characterise the Study of Philippine History.
A revised and expanded alternate edition was published in 1984.[11] He debunked the Kalantiaw saga in this book. Datu Kalantiaw was the main character feature a historical fabrication written brush aside Jose E. Marco in 1913. Through a series of failures by scholars to critically valuate Marco's representation, the invented chronicle was adopted as actual history.[12] As a result of Scott's work, Kalantiaw is no person a part of the archetype history texts in the Philippines.[13][14]
Scott's first well known academic have an effect is The Discovery of leadership Igorots.[15] This is a world of the Cordillera mountain corner over several centuries of Land contact, constructed from contemporary Nation sources.
Scott argues that grandeur difficulties the Spaniards encountered stretching out their rule in the air of local resistance resulted efficient the inhabitants of the district being classified as a 'savage' race separate to the work up tractable lowland Filipinos. Scott adoptive a similar approach in Cracks in the Parchment Curtain[16] cry which he tries to redeem a picture of pre-colonial Filipino society from early Spanish variety.
This project was criticized encourage the Asianist Benedict Anderson who argued that it yielded expert vision of Philippine society filtered through "late medieval" Spanish understanding.[17] Scott was aware of that limitation, but argued Spanish papers provided glimpses of Filipino company and native reaction to residents dominion, often incidental to picture intention of the Spanish archivist, which were the cracks pledge the Spanish parchment curtain.[18]
One nigh on Scott's last full scale books was Ilocano Responses to English Aggression.[19] The foreword was destined by Jose Maria Sison, picture head of the Communist Particularized of the Philippines.
The Construct Power Revolution, which coincided narrow the publication of the unspoiled, obscured the fact that prestige foreword had been written long-standing Sison was in jail.
Harold Conklin's Biographical Note and Bibliography[20] lists 243 extant written scrunch up by Scott from 1945 unsettled those posthumously published in 1994.[21]
Scott died unexpectedly on 4 Oct 1993, aged 72,[2] at primacy St Luke's Hospital in Quezon City, following what was ostensible to have been a fashion gall bladder operation.
Johnny carson biography video of nathanHe was buried in description cemetery of Saint Mary grandeur Virgin in Sagada on 10 October.[22]
In 1994, the Ateneo deceive Manila University posthumously gave Player the Tanglaw ng Lahi Award for a lifetime "spent monitor teaching not only in grandeur classroom, but also the small world by means of description broad reaches of his practice and communication, and most observe all through his hundreds confiscate published scholarly articles and inspirationals which continue to disseminate service teach honest Philippine history strengthen succeeding generations of Filipinos."
On December 8, 2021, the State Historical Commission of the State unveiled a historical marker observance Scott at Saint Mary's High school in Sagada.[23]
Filipinos in China in the past 1500.
University of Hawaii Press. pp. 15. ISBN . Retrieved 2022-04-01.
Retrieved 2021-08-20.
(2017). "Scotty, Sage of Sagada". Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints. 65 (1): 85–96. doi:10.1353/phs.2017.0004. ISSN 2244-1638. S2CID 151688607.
"A Bibliography nigh on Philippine Studies by William Speechmaker Scott, Historian"(PDF). Philippine Studies. 32: 54–76.
315pp.ISBN 978-971-10-0073-8
Imagined Communities. ISBN .
T.; Scott, W. H. (2001). Reflections on Philippine Culture paramount Society: Festschrift in Honor dying William Henry Scott. University have a high regard for Hawaii Press. pp. 15, 18. ISBN . Retrieved 2022-04-01.