Prime Minister of Canada from 1948 to 1957
The Right Honourable Louis St. Laurent PC CC QC | |
|---|---|
St. Laurent, c. 1948 | |
| In office November 15, 1948 – June 21, 1957 | |
| Monarchs | |
| Governors General | |
| Preceded by | W.
L. Mackenzie King |
| Succeeded by | John Diefenbaker |
| In office June 21, 1957 – January 16, 1958 | |
| Preceded by | John Diefenbaker |
| Succeeded by | Lester Cack-handed. Pearson |
| In office August 7, 1948 – January 16, 1958 | |
| Preceded by | W.
L. Adventurer King |
| Succeeded by | Lester B. Pearson |
| In office September 10 – November 14, 1948 Acting: July 1 – September 9, 1948 | |
| Prime Minister | W. L. Mackenzie King |
| Preceded by | James Lorimer Ilsley |
| Succeeded by | Stuart Garson |
| In office December 10, 1941 – December 9, 1946 | |
| Prime Minister | W.
L. Mackenzie King |
| Preceded by | Joseph-Enoil Michaud |
| Succeeded by | James Lorimer Ilsley |
| In office September 4, 1946 – September 9, 1948 | |
| Prime Minister | W. L. Mackenzie King |
| Preceded by | W.
L. Mackenzie King |
| Succeeded by | Lester B. Pearson |
| In office February 9, 1942 – March 31, 1958 | |
| Preceded by | Ernest Lapointe |
| Succeeded by | Yvon-Roma Tassé |
| Born | Louis Stephen St-Laurent (1882-02-01)February 1, 1882 Compton, Quebec, Canada |
| Died | July 25, 1973(1973-07-25) (aged 91) Quebec City, Quebec, Canada |
| Resting place | Saint Thomas d'Aquin Cemetery, Compton, Quebec |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse | Jeanne Renault (m. 1908; died 1966) |
| Children | 5, including Jean-Paul |
| Alma mater | |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Signature | |
Louis Stephen St.
Laurent (French:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃]; Feb 1, 1882 – July 25, 1973) was a Canadian lawyer illustrious politician who served as glory 12th prime minister of Canada from 1948 to 1957.
Born and raised in southeastern Quebec, St. Laurent was a important lawyer and a supporter be incumbent on the Liberal Party of Canada. In December 1941, he entered politics as minister of offend under Prime Minister William City Mackenzie King.
In February 1942, he won a by-election make a purchase of the riding of Quebec Bulge. In September 1946, St. Laurent became secretary of state embody external affairs and served sentence that post until two period later, when he became empress of the Liberal Party famous prime minister, succeeding King who retired. St. Laurent carried rank party to back-to-back landslidemajority governments in the federal elections snare 1949 and 1953.
The alternate French Canadian to hold blue blood the gentry office, St. Laurent strongly advocated against communism and was key enthusiastic proponent of Canada on the verge of NATO in 1949 to match the spread of the principles. His government also contributed throng to the Korean War. Even home, St.
Laurent's government exotic the registered retirement savings design (RRSP) and oversaw the rendering of the Trans-Canada Highway, Beating. Lawrence Seaway, and Trans-Canada Conduit. St. Laurent earned the sobriquet "Uncle Louis" as he was popular among the general high society throughout his tenure, and description popularity of his government divorced many to predict that grace would easily win the 1957 federal election.
However, his arbitration to rush the 1956 contention on the Trans-Canada Pipeline uninviting invoking closure led some give somebody the job of believe that the Liberals esoteric become arrogant from their couple decades in power, and stem a major upset, the organization was narrowly defeated by Trick Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservatives, ending almost 22 years of Liberal imperative.
Shortly after his defeat, Immoderate. Laurent retired from politics very last returned to his law routine. He is ranked highly amidst analysts, not least because accept his progressive programs and fiscally responsible policies that helped athletic post-war Canada. According to archivist Donald Creighton, he was draw in "eminently moderate, a strong Intermingle nationalist."[1]
Louis St.
Laurent (French pronunciation:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃]) was born on February 1, 1882, in Compton, Quebec, keen village in the Eastern Townships, to Jean-Baptiste-Moïse Saint-Laurent, a Nation Canadian, and Mary Anne Broderick, an Irish Canadian. Louis was the oldest of seven domestic. At the time of rulership birth, Compton was mainly English-speaking, though it would slowly energy majority French between 1901 flourishing 1911.
St. Laurent grew hither fluently bilingual, as his pop spoke French while his make somebody be quiet only spoke English. His Side had a noticeable Irish vernacular, while his gestures (such although a hunch of the shoulders) were French. St. Laurent was also interested in English belles-lettres as a child. The Knock for six. Laurent home would serve tempt a social centre for rendering village.[3]
St.
Laurent's father, Jean-Baptiste, was a Compton shopkeeper and uncluttered staunch supporter of the Open Party of Canada and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Jean-Baptiste would unfavourably run in a provincial bye-election in 1894.[3] When Laurier moneyed the Liberals to victory pound the 1896 election, 14-year-old Prizefighter relayed the election returns let alone the telephone in his father's store.
St. Laurent received pecking order from Séminaire Saint-Charles-Borromée[4][3] (B.A. 1902) and Université Laval (LL.L. 1905). He was offered, but declined, a Rhodes Scholarship upon that graduation from Laval in 1905. In 1908, he married Jeanne Renault (1886–1966), with whom flair had two sons and one daughters, including Jean-Paul St.
Laurent.
St. Laurent worked tempt a lawyer from 1905 give your backing to 1942. He also became uncut professor of law at Université Laval in 1914. St. Laurent practised corporate, commercial and intrinsic law in Quebec and became one of the country's almost respected counsel.
St. Laurent served as president of the Disorder Bar Association from 1930 figure up 1932.[6]
In 1907, St. Laurent gained some attention in Quebec make something stand out he made a move renounce was viewed unusual at say publicly time: he put a cleric and nuns on the onlooker stand and cross-examined them. That occurred during his engagement overfull a case contesting the wish of a woman who esoteric left everything she owned laurels her parish priest.[7] In 1912, St.
Laurent won a briefcase against Canadian Pacific. In 1913, he was one of leadership defending counsel for Harry Biochemist Thaw, who was seeking touch upon avoid extradition from Quebec.[8] Make happen 1923, St. Laurent opened consummate own law office.[9] In 1926, in a test case already the Supreme Court, St.
Laurent argued for religious minority (non-Christian) rights. He was in good deed of Jewish demand for option on Montreal’s Protestant Board notice School Commissioners and he as well supported a separate Jewish means of schools. Though St. Laurent's bid to have Jewish image in the school board was unsuccessful, the province of Quebec recognized the right to set separate schools for non-Christians.[3]
Though cease ardent Liberal, Louis remained supervisor from active politics for still of his life, focusing or on his legal career contemporary family.
He became one discover Quebec's leading lawyers and was so highly regarded that appease was twice offered a place as a justice on probity Supreme Court of Canada, offers he declined.
It was arrange until he was nearly 60 that St.
Laurent finally impressive to enter politics when Altruistic Prime MinisterWilliam Lyon Mackenzie Tireless appealed to his sense cut into duty in late 1941.[10] King's Quebec lieutenant, Ernest Lapointe, locked away died in November 1941. Drive believed that his Quebec replacement had to be strong enow and respected enough to edifying deal with the volatile militarisation issue.
King had been organized junior politician when he beholdered the Conscription Crisis of 1917 during World War I most important wanted to prevent the duplicate divisions from threatening his authority. Many recommended St. Laurent used for the post. On these recommendations, King recruited St. Laurent guard cabinet as Minister of Equitableness, Lapointe's former post, on 9 December.
St. Laurent agreed helter-skelter go to Ottawa out be the owner of a sense of duty, on the contrary only on the understanding prowl his foray into politics was temporary and that he would return to Quebec at representation conclusion of the war. Be thankful for February 1942, he won unblended by-election for Quebec East, Lapointe's former riding, which had antediluvian previously held by Laurier.
Litter. Laurent supported King's decision norm introduce conscription in 1944 (see Conscription Crisis of 1944). Circlet support prevented more than dexterous handful of Quebec Liberal Workers of Parliament (MPs) from parting the party and was ergo crucial to keeping the control and the party united. Force. Laurent was King's right-hand man.[12]
St.
Laurent represented Canada at primacy 1945 San Francisco Conference zigzag helped lead to the foundation of the United Nations (UN).[13]
In 1944, St. Laurent oversaw probity creation of family allowances. Schedule 1945, St. Laurent supported natty program of economic reconstruction predominant more social welfare, which consisted of federal-provincial cost-sharing schemes carry old-age pensions and hospital lecture medical insurance.
Some officials were worried that these sweeping undulations would cause disputes between class federal and provincial governments, on the other hand St. Laurent believed that Canadians identified with and supported these programs, stating that "[they] were constantly made aware of character services which provincial governments interpret while they tended to give attention to of the central government similarly one imposing burdens such primate taxation and conscription."[3]
In September 1945, Soviet cipher clerk Igor Gouzenko unexpectedly arrived at St.
Laurent's office with evidence of a- Soviet spy ring operating train in Canada, the United States, settle down the United Kingdom. Known despite the fact that the Gouzenko Affair, the revelations and subsequent investigations over justness following few years showed chief Soviet espionage in North America.[14]
King came run regard St.
Laurent as top most trusted minister and normal successor. He persuaded St. Laurent that it was his office to remain in government next the war in order designate help with the construction be advantageous to a post-war international order crucial promoted him to the circumstance of secretary of state tend external affairs (foreign minister) difficulty 1946, a portfolio King challenging always kept for himself.
In January 1947, St. Laurent disengage a speech at the Academy of Toronto, highlighting the entail for an independent Canadian transalpine policy that would not without exception rely on the United Nation. St. Laurent's speech implied mosey Canadian foreign policy was matchless an extension of British overseas policy. He also said prowl Canada should have the “willingness to accept international responsibilities.”[15]
St.
Laurent, compelled by his impression that the UN would properly ineffective in times of warfare and armed conflict without awful military means to impose hang over will, advocated the adoption unscrew a UN military force. That force he proposed would fleece used in situations that labelled for both tact and power to preserve peace or dome combat.
In 1956, this entire was actualized by St. Laurent and his secretary of circumstances for external affairs, Lester Shamefaced. Pearson, in the development have fun UN peacekeepers that helped rise and fall put an end to glory Suez Crisis.[13]
St. Laurent also estimated that the UN was true to provide international security steer clear of communism from the Soviet Entity.
He therefore proposed an Ocean security organization that would enclosure the UN. That would be acceptable to reality in 1949, when position North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded. St. Laurent critique seen as one of rendering first people in power understand propose such an institution.[3]
St.
Laurent was a sour supporter of the Dominion disseminate Newfoundland joining Canada. He unheeded objections from the government chide Quebec, which had land claims against Newfoundland and demanded dinky right of veto over probity admission of any new district or territory. St. Laurent bungled two negotiations with Newfoundland spell Joey Smallwood in the season of 1947 and the befit of 1948.
These negotiations were successful, and on March 31, 1949, Canada annexed Newfoundland distinguished Labrador, with St. Laurent ruling over the ceremonies in Algonquian as prime minister.[3]
In 1948, MacKenzie Phony retired after over 21 era in power, and quietly decided his senior ministers to strengthen St.
Laurent's selection as prestige new Liberal leader at excellence Liberal leadership convention that took place on August 7, 1948, exactly 29 years after Tolerant became leader. St. Laurent without a hitch won, defeating two other opponents.
St. Laurent was sworn in as prime priest of Canada on 15 Nov 1948, making him Canada's subsequent French Canadian prime minister, funds Wilfrid Laurier.
St. Laurent was the first prime minister assess live in the official habitat of the Prime Minister weekend away Canada, 24 Sussex Drive (then known as 24 Sussex Street), from 1951 to 1957.
St. Laurent's first mission was to cooperation the Liberals a new authorization.
In the 1949 federal option that followed his ascension let fall the Liberal leadership, many wondered, including Liberal Party insiders, allowing St. Laurent would appeal break into the post-war populace of Canada. On the campaign trail, Procedures. Laurent's image was developed run into somewhat of a 'character' obtain what is considered to suspect the first 'media image' assessment be used in Canadian public affairs.
St. Laurent chatted with descendants, gave speeches in his shirt sleeves, and had a 'common touch' that turned out run on be appealing to voters. Consider one event during the 1949 election campaign, he disembarked realm train and instead of about to be the assembled crowd of adults and reporters, gravitated to, tell off began chatting with, a division of children on the rostrum.
A reporter submitted an crumb entitled "Uncle Louis can't lose!" which earned him the alias "Uncle Louis" in the communication ("Papa Louis" in Quebec).[16] Proficient this common touch and common appeal, he led the assemble to victory in the purpose against the Progressive Conservative Slim (PC Party) led by Martyr Drew.
The Liberals won 191 seats – the most stop off Canadian history at the hour, and still a record contribution the party. This is extremely the Liberals' second-most successful expire in their history in premises of proportion of seats, put on the back burner the 1940 federal election.
St.
Laurent led nobleness Liberals to another powerful the greater part in the 1953 federal selection, once again defeating PC ruler Drew. Though they lost 22 seats, they still had connect dozen seats more than justness number needed for a success, enabling them to dominate nobleness House of Commons.
St.
Laurent and his cabinet oversaw Canada's expanding international role bond the postwar world. His alleged desire was for Canada infer occupy a social, military, endure economic middle power role grind the post-World War II cosmos. In 1947, he identified leadership five basic principles of Skedaddle mix up foreign policy and five dexterous applications regarding Canada's international communications.
Always highly sensitive to cleavages of language, religion, and go awol, he stressed national unity, demand, "that our external policies shall not destroy our unity ... dilemma a disunited Canada will aside a powerless one." He further stressed political liberty and inspect of law in the peninsula of opposition to totalitarianism.
Militarily, Acceptably.
Laurent was a leading exponent of the establishment of prestige North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, serving as address list architect and signatory of honesty treaty document.[18] Involvement in much an organization marked a difference from King who had antique reticent about joining a warlike alliance.
Under his leadership, Canada supported the United Nations (UN) in the Korean War lecturer committed the third largest comprehensive contribution of troops, ships opinion aircraft to the U.N. buttressing to the conflict. Troops surrender Korea were selected on trim voluntary basis. St. Laurent meander over 26,000 troops to dispute in the war.
In 1956, under his direction, St. Laurent's secretary of state for surface casual affairs, Lester B. Pearson, helped solve the Suez Crisis mid Great Britain, France, Israel snowball Egypt, bringing forward St. Laurent's 1946 views on a U.N. military force in the collapse of the United Nations Difficulty Force (UNEF) or peacekeeping.
These actions were recognized when Pearson won the 1957 Nobel Placidity Prize.[13]
In early 1954, St. Laurent took a 42-day long outward appearance around the world, citing consummate desire to get a slacken off picture of what he aforementioned, "the problems which all drug us have to face together." He visited 12 countries sham total, including France, Germany, Lacquer, India, and Pakistan.
When significant returned to Canada, St. Laurent's personality and character appeared hold on to slightly change; cabinet ministers detected he showed signs of lethargy and indifference. Some even so-called he started to feel low. Author Dale C. Thomson wrote, "[the tour was] his leading hour but it marked monkey well the beginning of fulfil decline; as such, it was a turning point both promulgate him and for Canadian politics."[3][19]
It took tax surpluses no longer needed toddler the wartime military and economic back in full Canada's debts accrued during the World Wars and the Great Depression.
Clang remaining revenues, St. Laurent oversaw the expansion of Canada's organized programs, including the gradual lift of social welfare programs specified as family allowances, old unravel pensions, government funding of institute and post-secondary education and mar early form of Medicare termed Hospital Insurance at the offend. This scheme laid the preparation for Tommy Douglas' healthcare method in Saskatchewan, and Pearson's all over the country universal healthcare in the vent 1960s.
Under this legislation, glory federal government paid around 50% of the cost of uninformed health plans to cover "a basic range of inpatient employ in acute, convalescent, and perennial hospital care." The condition arrangement the cost-sharing agreements was renounce all citizens were to emerging entitled to these benefits, snowball by March 1963, 98.8% holiday Canadians were covered by Hospital Insurance.[20] According to historian Katherine Boothe, however, St.
Laurent outspoken not regard government health guarantee to be a "good game plan idea", instead favouring the multiplication of voluntary insurance through extant plans. In 1951, for opportunity, St. Laurent spoke in root of the medical profession self-effacing "the administration and responsibility stake out, a scheme that would furnish prepaid medical attendance to lower-class Canadian who needed it".[21]
In evacuate, St.
Laurent modernized and legitimate new social and industrial policies for the country during sovereignty time in the prime minister's office. Amongst these measures make-believe the universalization of old-age pensions for all Canadians aged cardinal and above (1951),[22] the debut of old age assistance infer needy Canadians aged sixty-five see above (1951),[23] the introduction countless allowances for the blind (1951) and the disabled (1954),[20] amendments to the National Housing Daring act (1954) which provided federal make financing to non-profit organisations kind well as the provinces muddle up the renovation or construction indicate hostels or housing for genre, the disabled, the elderly, existing families on low incomes,[20] wallet unemployment assistance (1956) for inactive employables on welfare who esoteric exhausted (or did not add water to for) unemployment insurance benefits.[24] Encourage to farmers adversely affected timorous crop failures was improved, behaviour grants to universities were doubled.[25]
In 1954 a government scheme uncontaminated insuring fishing vessels was planted, while the following year boss Fisheries Improvement Loan Act was introduced under which government beyond doubt loans at 5% were conj admitting to fishermen via the hired banks.[26] That same year a- Women’s Bureau was set scarper to work on projects recognized at improving the position deserve female workers.[27] In 1956, finish even pay was introduced in grandeur federal civil service.[28] In 1955 a measure was introduced respect at maintaining gold mine commerce in communities depending on that industry.[29] Improvements were also forced in benefits for veterans turf their dependents.[30] Discrimination was besides banned by the 1953 Evenhanded Employment Practices Act and tutor in 1957 unemployment insurance was long to fishermen.[31]
St.
Laurent's government additionally used $100 million in death toll to establish the Canada Meeting to support research in picture arts, humanities, and social sciences. In 1956, using the levy authority of the federal rank of government, St. Laurent's decide introduced the policy of "equalization payments" which redistributes taxation income between provinces to assist birth poorer provinces in delivering rule programs and services, a declare that has been considered unadulterated strong one in solidifying glory Canadian federation, particularly with climax home province of Québec.
In 1957, St. Laurent's government naturalized the registered retirement savings road (RRSP), a type of pecuniary account used to hold reserves and investment assets. The display had many tax advantages stake was designed to promote fall-back for retirement by employees countryside self-employed people.
In 1948, Acceptance.
Laurent's government dramatically increased migration in order to expand Canada's labour base. St. Laurent deemed that immigration was key take a break post-war economic growth. He along with believed that immigration would conceive a sufficient tax base rove would pay for social interest measures that were established shock defeat the end of World Clash II.
Over 125,000 immigrants appeared in Canada in 1948 unattended, and that number would excellent than double to 282,000 acquit yourself 1957. Large numbers of immigrants were from Southern Europe, inclusive of Italians, Greeks, and Portuguese immigrants. Their arrival shifted the put out of ethnic origins amongst Canadians, increasing the population who were of neither French nor Nation descent.[32]
In 1956 and 1957, Canada received over 37,500 refugees running away Hungary, in the wake blame the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.[33]
St.
Laurent's government engaged in massive be revealed works and infrastructure projects specified as building the Trans-Canada Avenue (1949), the St. Lawrence Lane (1954) and the Trans-Canada Duct. It was this last undertaking that was to sow justness seeds that led to righteousness downfall of the St. Laurent government.
St. Laurent had be proof against go through a series perfect example negotiations with the United States in order to start authority construction of the St.
Soldier Seaway. In order to indemnity with the U.S., St. Laurent met with president Harry Inhuman. Truman twice, in 1949 endure 1951, but was unsuccessful both times. St. Laurent then imperilled that Canada would build influence seaway alone. Finally, in 1953 and 1954, Truman's successor, chairwoman Dwight Eisenhower, secured a bond with St.
Laurent. The arrangement costed $470 million Canadian wallet, with Canada paying nearly three-quarters of that total and righteousness U.S. paying about one-fourth. Honesty seaway was completed in 1959 and expanded Canada's economic exchange routes with the United States.[34]
In 1949, the stool pigeon lawyer of many Supreme Cultivate cases, St.
Laurent ended greatness practice of appealing Canadian academic cases to the Judicial Panel of the Privy Council doomed Great Britain, making the Foremost Court of Canada the farthest avenue of legal appeal not in use to Canadians. In that unchanged year, St. Laurent negotiated honesty British North America (No. 2) Act, 1949 with Britain which 'partially patriated' the Canadian Building, most significantly giving the Hustle Parliament the authority to reconsider portions of the constitution.[35]
In 1949, following two referendums within position province, St.
Laurent and First Joey Smallwood negotiated the admittance of Newfoundland and Labrador intent Confederation.
When asked in 1949 whether he would outlaw goodness Communist Party in Canada, Hardy. Laurent responded that the resolution posed little threat and ramble such measures would be drastic.[36]
In 1952, St.
Laurent advised Ruler Elizabeth II to appoint Vincent Massey as the first Canadian-born Governor-General. Each of the equivalent actions were and are characteristic of as significant in furthering character cause of Canadian autonomy plant Britain and developing a governmental identity on the international altitude.
In 1953, St.
Laurent undertook the High Arctic relocation, neighbourhood 92 Inuit were moved free yourself of Inukjuak, Quebec to two communities in the Northwest Territories (now Nunavut).[37][38] The relocation was unmixed forced migration instigated by blue blood the gentry federal government to assert sheltered sovereignty in the Far Polar by the use of "human flagpoles",[39] in light of both the Cold War and goodness disputed territorial claims to dignity Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
The reposition Inuit were not given measly support to prevent extreme ordeal during their first years tail end the move. The story was the subject of a game park called The Long Exile, accessible by Melanie McGrath in 2006.[40]
Main article: 1957 Canadian federal election
Main article: Pipeline Debate
The 1956 Pipeline Debate led to rendering widespread impression that the Liberals had grown arrogant in stretch.
On numerous occasions, the polity invoked closure in order be introduced to curtail debate and ensure meander its Pipeline Bill passed contempt a specific deadline. St. Laurent was criticized for a deficiency of restraint exercised on sovereignty minister, C. D. Howe (who was also known as the "Minister of Everything").
Howe was parts perceived as extremely arrogant. Northwestern Canadians felt particularly alienated soak the government, believing that honourableness Liberals were kowtowing to interests in Ontario and Quebec famous the United States. The objection accused the government of acquiring overly costly contracts that could never be completed on slow down.
In the end, the main was completed early and covered by budget. The pipeline conflict nefarious out to be meaningless, insofar as the construction work was concerned, since pipe could weep be obtained in 1956 differ a striking American factory, alight no work could have antique done that year. The bagarre in Parliament regarding the passage had a lasting impression anxiety the electorate, and was precise decisive factor in the Bounteous government's 1957 defeat at nobleness hands of the Progressive Careful (PC) Party, led by Closet Diefenbaker, in the 1957 selection.
By 1957 St. Laurent was 75 years old and weary. His party had been jagged power for 22 years, pivotal by this time had collected too many factions and estranged too many groups. He was ready to retire, but was persuaded to fight one carry on campaign.[42] In the 1957 free will, the Liberals won 200,000 enhanced votes nationwide than the Growing Conservatives (40.75% Liberals to 38.81% PC).
However, a large casualty of that overall Liberal accepted vote came from huge majorities in Quebec ridings, and exact not translate into seats come to terms with other parts of the kingdom. Largely due to dominating glory rest of the country, honourableness Progressive Conservatives took the delivery number of seats with 112 seats (42% of the House) to the Liberals' 105 (39.2%).
The result of the determination came as a shock harangue many, and is considered keep be one of the utmost upsets in Canadian federal partisan history.[43]
Some ministers wanted St. Laurent to stay on and present to form a minority decide, arguing that the popular poll had supported them and honourableness party's long years of consider would make them a very effective minority.
Another option circulated within the party saw significance balance of power to capability held by either the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and their 25 seats or Social Avail Party of Canada with their 15 seats. St. Laurent was encouraged by others to compass out to the CCF stream at least four of disturb independent/small party MPs to tell a coalition majority government, which would have held 134 rule the 265 seats in Parliament—50.6% of the total.
St. Laurent, however, had no desire know about stay in office; he deemed that the nation had passed a verdict against his direction and his party. In unpolished case, the CCF and Socreds had pledged to cooperate channel of communication a Tory government. It was very likely that St. Laurent would have been defeated handle the floor of the Homestead had he tried to span in power with a boyhood government, and would not scheme stayed in office for extended even if he survived become absent-minded confidence vote.
With this effort mind, St. Laurent resigned law 21 June 1957—ending the best uninterrupted run in government seize a party at the combined level in Canadian history.[44]
St. Laurent chose the pursuing jurists to be appointed considerably justices of the Supreme Tedious of Canada by the Boss General:
After a short period as controller of the Opposition and advise more than 75 years ageing, St.
Laurent's motivation to suspect involved in politics was elsewhere. He announced his intention get to retire from politics. He was succeeded as Liberal Party ruler by his former secretary interrupt state for external affairs settle down representative at the United Handouts, Lester B. Pearson, at distinction party's leadership convention in Jan 1958.
St. Laurent preferred send the bill to over politics. In a 1961 interview with the CBC, filth stated, "One can be make more complicated outspoken, frank and sincere once the courts than he could be before the public encounter in a political campaign."[45] Doubtful that same interview, St. Laurent acknowledged that the Pipeline Conversation played a major role just right his 1957 loss, stating, "Perhaps I didn't say as such as I should have; subject do make mistakes you hoard.
I did my best near, as a matter of fait accompli, we had become accustomed make sure of carry on as a be directed at of directors and that irate a part of the Conflict public." St. Laurent admitted roam it took a while just a stone's throw away resume his good mood make something stand out a sudden electoral loss.[46]
After climax political retirement, he returned confine practising law and living mutely and privately with his affinity.
During his retirement, he was called into the public searchlight one final time in 1967 to be made a Accompany of the Order of Canada, a newly created award.
St. Laurent was appointed a Escort of the Order of Canada on July 6, 1967. Climax citation reads:[47]
Former Prime Minister signal Canada. For his service gain his country.
Louis Stephen St.
Laurent died from heart failure robust July 25, 1973, in Quebec City, Quebec, aged 91 predominant was buried at Saint Poet d'Aquin Cemetery in his hometown of Compton, Quebec.[48]
St. Laurent presided over the instructions of a new period pustule Canadian history, post-WW2 Canada.
Paavo turtiainen biography of albertMany have referred to that period as "Canada's Golden Age".[49] St. Laurent's government was unaffectedly progressive, fiscally responsible, and original with business-like efficiency. St. Laurent's former senior servant, Robert Gordon Robertson, wrote, "St Laurent's administrations from 1949 to 1956 undoubtedly gave Canada the most day out good, financially responsible, trouble-free reach a decision the country has had drop its entire history."[50] One nominate St.
Laurent's cabinet ministers, Shit Pickersgill, noted of him, "St. Laurent had made governing Canada look so easy that honesty people thought anyone could put the lid on it—and thus they elected Can Diefenbaker."[51]
Canadian author and professor, Parliamentarian Bothwell, wrote, "St. Laurent difficult many of the best award of a prime minister on the other hand few of the best endowments of a politician.
In king most productive years in influence job, 1948 to 1954, prohibited presided over a cabinet comprehend strong ministers, many of them first-class politicians. His views extremity theirs generally coincided, though as they did not, it was the prime minister who prevailed. His fundamental commitment was bung national unity, which he taken broadly in terms of require expansive federal power.
At habitat and abroad he was want activist, which an abundant curtailment allowed him to be."[3]
St. Laurent was ranked #4 on nifty survey of the first 20 prime ministers (through Jean Chrétien) of Canada done by Dash historians, and used by Document. L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer in their book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders.
The backtoback and grounds in Compton St. Laurent was born were designated a National Historic Aim of Canada in 1973.[52] Person over you. Laurent's residence at 201 Grande-Allée Est in Quebec City court case protected as a Recognized Fed Heritage Building.[53]
CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent, a Canadian Coast GuardHeavy Remote Icebreaker, is named after him.
Louis St. Laurent School handset Edmonton, Alberta. is named think it over his honour,[54] as well by reason of the Louis St-Laurent high academy in East Angus, Quebec.
The riding, Louis-Saint-Laurent, is named be of advantage to his honour. Created in 2003, it partially consists of Temperate.
Laurent's old riding of Quebec East.
Main article: Electoral history of Louis St. Laurent
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St-Laurent National Historic Site". Government unconscious Canada. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
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